Psikoloji Bölümü Makale Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12294/262

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Is Psychology a Social Science?
(Common Ground Research Networks, 2010) Özakpinar, Yilmaz
This presentation explicates the rationale for the claim that, contrary to the general opinion, psychology is not a social science. Sociology, the typical social science to represent all the others, starts from observing human behavior in the context of human relationships and abstracts from the samples of such behaviors the social rules governing those relationships which do not belong to any concrete individual. Psychology starts from the base of individual behaviors performed in response to physical and social stimuli and by using certain procedures of investigation and the logic of experimental reasoning tries to discover the rules governing the workings of the mind. The mind belongs to an individual biological organism and it is the instrument of social perception and social action as well as the instrument of perception of and behavioral responses to the physical environment. If that is so, then even social psychology is a branch of general psychology in virtue of its studying how an individual mental mechanism perceives and processes social stimuli and decides what kind of actions to take and what sort of attitudes to hold. It is concluded that although humans are social beings, psychology is not a social science; in fact, it belongs to the realm of biological sciences because behavior is a means of adaptation of an individual to the physical and social environment. © Common Ground, Brian Willis.
Citation - Scopus: 4
Personality from the Standpoint of Social Psychology
(Common Ground Research Networks, 2010) Özakpinar, Yilmaz
Social psychology studies individual behavior in social situations and aims at discovering the mental processes producing the kind of behaviors observed in them. The concept of personality does not designate a special category of responses. It represents a recognizable behavioral style reflected in responses observed not only in social situations but also in all kinds of responses related to perception, learning, attending, remembering, problem-solving, and expressing emotions. In the present study, personality is envisaged as the product of the integration of four components: Temperament, character, cognitive capacity, and perceived social situation. It is argued that the personality of any individual may appear to others as having changed, but in fact there is only a strategic attempt at trying to adapt to differing demands of varied situations. © Common Ground, Yilmaz Özakpinar, All Rights Reserved.
Tecavüze İlişkin Kültürel Mitler ve Mitlerin Kabul Edilmesine Etki Eden Faktörler
(2011) Eker, Tuba; Erdener, Eda
Bu makalenin amacı, tecavüz mitlerini ve mitlerin kabulünü etkileyen faktörleri, yurtdışında ve ülkemizde yapılmış teorik ve uygulamalı çalışmaları derlemek yoluyla incelemektir. Tecavüz mitleri, tecavüz, tecavüzcü ve tecavüz mağduru hakkında sahip olunan önyargılı, kalıplaşmış ya da yanlış inançlar olarak tanımlanır. Tecavüz mitleri, cinsiyetçiliğin, cinsiyet rolleri kalıpyargılarmın, kadına karşı düşmanlığın, kişilerarası şiddetin kabulünün ve cinsel muhafazakarlığın bileşenlerini içeren sosyal normların bir sonucudur. Mitlerin kabulü; mağdurun algılanan cinsel saygınlığından, cinsel yöneliminden, mağdurun ırkından ve etnik kimliğinden etkilenir. Tecavüz mitleri, sadece bireysel yanlış inançlar değil, sosyal birer normdur ve tecavüzün anlamının etkisizleştirilmesine, mağdurunun damgalanmasına, tecavüzcünün göreceli olarak olumlu algılanmasına ve tecavüzün kadına yönelik bir cinsel şiddet türü olarak yaygınlaşmasına sebep olurlar. Dahası, mağdurun kendisini suçlayıp adli mercilere başvurmamasına, yargı sürecinde mağdurun güvenirliğinin sorgulanmasına, tecavüzcünün kayırılmasma, ceza almamasına ya da cezasının hafiflemesine; en önemlisi, bir kadına karşı uygulanan cinsel şiddet vasıtasıyla tüm kadınlara gözdağı verilerek toplumdaki erkek egemenliğinin perçinlenmesine hizmet ederler. Tecavüz mitleri, eğitimle, uzman bilirkişilerin mahkemelere katkısıyla, ruh sağlığı, hukuk, tıp ve adli bilimler çalışanlarının bakış açılarındaki değişimle ortadan kaldırılabilir. Makalede, tecavüz mitlerinin tanımı, mitleri doğuran ve yaygınlaştıran sebepler, tecavüz mitleri ölçeklerinden örnekler, mitlerin kabulüne etki eden faktörler ile mitlerin toplumsal hafızadan nasıl silinebileceğine dair öneriler ele alınacaktır.
Belief and Knowledge: Types of Knowledge and Degrees of Belief
(Common Ground Publishing, 2011) Özakpınar, Yılmaz
Human knowledge, such as: experience; opinion; impression; inference; intuition; insight; feeling; introspective awareness; reasoned conclusion; ideology; plan of an engineering construction; scientific theory, is essentially belief since one cannot be certain about its validity or correspondence to reality or truth. There are degrees of belief regarding empirically based knowledge. In this context, belief is equivalent to probability. There are potentially limitless ways of obtaining new evidence for or against a belief about the empirical world. When someone has faith in the truth of a religious tenet or of an ideology, that means he is not interested in testing it, and this provides for this person a subjective certainty. In everyday life we implicitly try to test our opinions and beliefs about the events in the empirical world although it is not always possible due to the pressure of time or our biases. In those areas of knowledge where a person professes faith, on the other hand, it is either impossible to test, as it is the case in having faith in a religious tenet, or there is refusal to test as it is the case with believing in an ideology. It is argued that the conflict of religion and science on any matter is philosophically absurd although it is an historical fact, because knowledge based on faith and scientific knowledge are not alternatives of each other: the first is not testable by the observations in the empirical world and held to be certain, and the second is testable and held to be only probable.
Citation - WoS: 20
Citation - Scopus: 22
Insiders’ Views of Their Role: Toward Their Training
(Univ Toronto Press Inc, 2011) Krespi Boothby, Margorit Rita; Boothby, Margorit Rita Krespi
Research on peer-led support programs in prisons suggests that these programs are beneficial. One such program is the Insiders Scheme. Preliminary reports on its effectiveness suggest that it has a positive impact on prisoners as well as on the Insiders themselves. Nevertheless, there is no detailed information on the ways in which the Insiders perceive their role. Information may help to set targets for training of Insiders. Therefore, in the present qualitative study, focus group meetings were undertaken with all three Insiders in a male prison, using an interview-guide approach to describe the ways in which the Insiders perceived their role. The anonymized transcripts of these meetings were analysed inductively by following established conventions to ground analysis in the data. Insiders evaluated their role in terms of the different aspects of their role, the strategies that they used to help other prisoners, the personal impact of their role, the difficulties that they experienced during the course of their work, and possible ways of improving their role. The present findings contribute to an evidence-base for peer-centred training for the Insiders Scheme and therefore highlight the value of undertaking qualitative research among Insiders to identify specific targets for their training.
Individualism-Collectivism and Business Context as Predictors of Behaviors in Cross-National Work Settings: Incidence and Outcomes
(Elsevier, 2011) Smith, Peter B.; Torres, Claudio V.; Hecker, Julia; Chua, Chei Hwee; Chudzikova, Alena; Değirmencioğlu, Serdar; Donoso-Maluf, Francisco; Feng, Nancy Chen Yi; Harb, Charles; Jackson, Brad; Malvezzi, Sigmar; Mogaji, Andrew; Carlos Pastor, Juan; Perez-Floriano, Lorena; Srivastava, B. N; Stahl, Guenter; Thomason, Stephanie; Yanchuk, Vladimir
Brief descriptions of cross-national problem events by 1349 organizational employees from many nations were content analyzed. Contrasts between individualistic and collectivistic behaviors were much more strongly predicted by variations in business context (e.g., language spoken and hierarchical relations between the parties involved) than by a measure of nation-level in-group collectivism practices. Respondents from individualist nations emphasized performance goals and task focus, whereas those from collectivist nations emphasized personal aspects of work relations more strongly. Task-focused behavioral esponses to problems were uniformly associated with positive outcome, whereas the outcome of emotional responses interacted significantly with individualism–collectivism practices. The results are interpreted in terms of collectivists’ greater attention to context.
Job and Life Satisfaction of the Medical Staff in Rehabilitation Centers
(Türkiye Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Derneği, 2012) Doğan, Asuman; Deniz, Mehmet Engin; Odabaş, Hilal; Özyeşil, Zümra; Özgirgin, Neşe
Objective: The aim of this research was to determine whether job and life satisfaction level of healthcare professionals working with disabled patients significantly changes with respect to some variables and to investigate the relationship between job and life satisfaction. Materials and Methods: The information about the independent variables was obtained through a personal information questionnaire prepared by the researchers. Job satisfaction of medical staff was measured by the Job Satisfaction Inventory and life satisfaction was assessed by the Life Satisfaction Inventory. Results: Data were collected from a total of 138 healthcare professionals (78.3% were female and 21.7% male). The results indicated that the job satisfaction was significantly higher in males compared to females, whereas there were no significant differences between the mean scores of life satisfaction according to gender. Among healthcare professionals working with disabled individuals, specialists had the highest levels of life and job satisfaction, whereas the physiotherapists had the lowest levels. There were significant differences in the mean scores of job and life satisfaction between the healthcare professionals, who were satisfied with their job and salary, and expressed that they can help their patients enough, and those experienced negative effects of the work on their family, had conflict with their work, the head of the department, and the occupational group. Conclusion: A positive correlation was found between the job and life satisfaction of the subjects. Job satisfaction comprises an important part of life satisfaction and individual productivity. Job and life satisfaction can be increased first by indicating and then solving the negative factors on job and life satisfaction.
The Prediction Level of Self-Esteem on Humor Style and Positive-Negative Affect
(Scientific Research, 2012) Özyeşil, Zümra
The aim of this study is to analyze if there are significant correlations among self-esteem, humor styles and positive-negative affection and if self esteem significantly predicts humor styles and positive-negative affection. A total of 440 under graduate students (77% female) chosen by random set sampling method participated in this study voluntarily. The mean age of the participants was 20.33 with a standard deviation of 1.73. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Humor Styles Questionnaire and The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule were employed in order to collect the data of the study. To analyze the data the Pearson moments correlation technique and multiple regression analysis were used. According to the findings of the study there were positive significant correlations between self-esteem and affiliative and self-enhancing humor styles, negative correlations between self esteem and aggressive and self defeating humor styles. Another finding of the study shows that there is a significant positive correlation between self-esteem and positive affection and a significant negative correlation between self-esteem and negative affect. Self-esteem significantly predicts the humor styles sub dimensions. Self-esteem explains 3.1% of the total variance in affiliative humor style (R2= .031, ß = .176, p < .001), 5.7% of the total variance in self enhancing humor style (R2 = .057, ß = .239, p < .001), 1.1% of the total variance in aggressive humor style (R2 = .011, ß = –.107, p < .05), 4.1% of the total variance in self defeating humor style (R2 = .041, ß = –.208, p < .001). As a result of the analysis predicting the positive-negative affection; self-esteem explains 14.7% of the total variance in positive affect (R2 = .147, ß = .384, p < .001) and 4.2% of the total variance in negative affect (R2 = –.042, ß = –.204, p < .001).
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 5
Reliability and Validity of Subjective Well-Being Under Neuroleptics Scale-Short Form-Turkish Version
(Kure Iletisim Grubu A S, 2012) Pazvantoğlu, Ozan; Şimşek, Ömer Faruk; Aydemir, Ömer; Sarısoy, Gökhan; Korkmaz, Işıl Zabun; Mor, Sema; Böke, Ömer; Üçok, Alp; Pazvantoglu, Ozan; Simsek, Omer Faruk; Aydemir, Omer; Sarisoy, Gokhan; Korkmaz, Isil Zabun; Mor, Sema; Ucok, Alp
Reliability and validity of "subjective well-being under neuroleptics scale-short form", Turkish version Objective:The Subjective Well-Being Under Neuroleptics Scale (SWNS) is a self-reported measure that evaluates the state of well-being of schizophrenis patients using antipsychotic drugs independently of psychotic symptoms. This study was intended to establish the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the scale. Methods: The Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated for reliability analysis of the scale, which was translated into Turkish and applied to 103 schizophrenia patients. The criterion validity was examined by correlation with reference scales (Turkish Version of the Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia, The Short Form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life) concurrently in use. The construct validity of the scale was assured using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Findings: The Turkish version of the scale was found to have a high reliability co-efficient (0.881). In terms of total scores, the correlation with other scales is medium-good. However, the results of the Turkish version factor analysis were incompatible with the sub-dimensions of the original scale. Conclusions: Our findings show that the Turkish version of this scale is a valid and reliable tool in the evaluation of states of subjective well-being of schizophrenic patients using antipsychotic drugs. On the other hand, we recommend that studies to be conducted in Turkey use only the scale total score.
Mindfulness and Psychological Needs: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
(Öğretmen Eğitimi Akademisi-Maya Akademi, 2012) Özyeşil, Zümra
The aim of this study was to investigate if the mindfulness and psychological needs mean scores of American and Turkish university students significantly differ and also intend to make a cross cultural comparison determining the relationship between them. Turkish participants were 209 students (43 men and 166 women) from Selcuk University, Faculty of Education, Psychological Counseling and Guidance Department and the American participants were 225 students (150 men and 75 women) from The University of Rochester, Department of Psychology. The Mindfulness Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS) (Brown & Ryan, 2003) adapted into Turkish by Özyeşil et al. (2011) and The Basic Psychological Needs Scale (Deci & Ryan, 2000) adapted into Turkish by Kesici et al. (2003) were used to collect the data in the study. The results of the study revealed the mean scores of the American students were significantly higher than the mean scores of Turkish students in both the Mindfulness and the Psychological Needs subdimensions (autonomy, competence and relatedness).
Öz-Anlayış, Yaşam Doyumu, Negatif ve Pozitif Duygu: Türk ve Diğer Ülke Üniversite Öğrencileri Arasında Bir Karşılaştırma
(Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi, 2012) Deniz, Mehmet Engin; Arslan, Coşkun; Özyeşil, Zümra; İzmirli, Melek
Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye ve bazı ülke (İngiltere, Fransa, Polonya, Romanya, İtalya, Brezilya, İspanya, Ukrayna) üniversite öğrencilerinin öz anlayış, yaşam doyumu, negatif ve pozitif duygu özelliklerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Araştırmaya Türkiye’den 127 (70 erkek ve 57 kız) ve diğer ülkelerden 122 (52 erkek ve 70 kız) öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırmanın istatistiksel analizlerinde t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi ve Pearson momentler çarpımı korelasyonu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, Türk öğrencilerin öz anlayış ve yaşam doyumu düzeyleri diğer ülkelerdeki öğrencilerden anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur. Türkiye’deki kız ve erkek öğrenciler ile diğer ülkelerdeki kız ve erkek öğrenci grupları karşılaştırıldığında öz anlayış ve pozitif duygu açısından anlamlı düzeyde farklılaşma ortaya çıkmıştır. Türkiye’deki öğrencilerin öz anlayış, yaşam doyumu, negatif ve pozitif duygu korelasyonları, diğer ülke öğrencilerinin öz anlayış, yaşam doyumu, negatif ve pozitif duygu korelasyonlarından daha yüksek ilişki göstermektedir.
Value Preferences Predicting Narcissistic Personality Traits in Young Adults
(Educational Consultancy, 2012) Güngör, İbrahim Halil; Ekşi, Halil; Arıcak, Osman Tolga
This study aimed at showing how the value preferences of young adults could predict the narcissistic characteristics of young adults according to structural equation modeling. 133 female (59.6%) and 90 male (40.4%), total 223 young adults participated the study (average age: 25.66, ranging from 20 to 38). Ratio group sampling method was used while choosing the participants. In order to collect data “Narcissistic Personality Inventory” and “Schwartz’s Value Scale” were used. The theoretical model was tested in terms of structural equation modeling by using AMOS 16 program. The study revealed that power, success, hedonism, excitation, self-control and universality have positive effects on narcissism, while benevolence, safety have a negative effect on narcissism. Although being quite weak and powerless, narcissistic personalities are always in need of power towards outer world. This enforces them to exist despite “the other”. On the other hand the need of benevolence and safety enforce people to take notice of others and exist together with the other.
Affective Reactions to One’s Whole Life: Preliminary Development and Validation of the Ontological Well-Being Scale
(Springer, 2012) Şimşek, Ömer Faruk; Kocayörük, Ercan
In line with the perspective provided by the intentional paradigm which claims that the measures of subjective well-being (SWB), whether cognitive or affective, should refer to life itself, the Ontological Well-Being Scale (OWBS) has been operationalized. The research reported herein was aimed at developing and validating this psychometric tool in the assessment of individuals’ affective evaluations of their life within a three-time perspective. Five studies were conducted to confirm the factor structure of the OWBS and to assess its construct validity. Four factors were derived and validated, which were shown to relate to mental health indicators and personality in expected ways. It was found that this new construct, in contrast with the current measures, did not tap into the personality factors of extraversion and neuroticism. Incremental validity results showed that the OWBS explained additional variance in mental health indicators already captured by the current measures of SWB.
Eşcinselliğe, Biseksüelliğe ve Transseksüelliğe İlişkin Tanımlamaların Homofobi ve LGBT Bireylerle Tanışıklık Düzeyi ile İlişkisi
(İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2012) Şah, Umut
Bu çalışmada, üniversite öğrencilerinin eşcinselliğe, biseksüelliğe ve transseksüelliğe ilişkin tanımlamalarının homofobi düzeyi ve lgbt bireylerle tanışıklık düzeyiyle olan ilişkisine bakılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında,325 kişiye, eşcinselliği, biseksüelliği ve transseksüelliği nasıl tanımladıklarına dair açık uçlu sorular sorulmuş; eşcinsel, biseksüel ve transseksüellerle tanışıklık düzeylerine dair bilgiler alınmış ve homofobi düzeylerini ölçmek üzere Hudson ve Ricketts Homofobi Ölçeği verilmiştir. Katılımcılar, Ankara ve İstanbul'da yaşayan üniversite öğrencileri ve mezunları arasından, yaşları 17 ile 35 arasında olan, 140 erkek ve 185 kadından oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda, açık uçlu sorulara verilen cevapların içerikleri katılımcıların homofobi puanları ve lgbt bireylerle tanışıklık düzeyleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, katılımcıların yaptıkları tanımlamaların homofobive tanışıklık düzeylerinden etkilendiğini; yüksek homofobi ve düşük tanışıklık düzeylerinin daha olumsuz tanımlamalarla ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Five Factor Personality Traits as Predictor of Trait Anger and Anger Expression
(Kaligrafi Yayıncılık, 2012) Özyeşil, Zümra
The purpose of present research study is to determine if five factor personality traits significantly predict trait anger and anger expression styles. A total number of 580 students (313 girls and 267 boys) participated in the study. Adjective Based Personality Test and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory scales were employed for the study. According to the findings of the study, it was seen that five factor personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experiences, agreeableness and conscientiousness) as a whole, significantly predict trait anger and anger expression styles (anger-in, anger-out and anger control).
Self-Determined Choices and Consequences: The Relationship Between Basic Psychological Needs Satisfactions and Aggression in Late Adolescents
(Taylor & Francis, 2013) Kuzucu, Yaşar; Şimşek, Ömer Faruk
This research examined the mediatory role of life purpose and career indecision in the relationship between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and aggression. Data were collected from high school students (n = 466) and results showed that life purpose and career indecision fully mediated the relationship between basic psychological needs satisfaction and aggression. These findings suggested that unsatisfied basic psychological needs foster late adolescents' aggression by promoting less clear life purposes and career indecision.
Differences in How Trait Emotional Intelligence Predicts Life Satisfaction: the Role of Affect Balance versus Social Support in India and Germany
(Springer, 2013) Koydemir, Selda; Şimşek, Ömer Faruk; Schütz, Astrid; Tipandja, Arun
In this study, we assessed cross-cultural differences in the extent to which general emotional intelligence is linked to life satisfaction and analyzed mediators of this relationship. We used data from an individualistic culture (Germany) and a collectivistic culture (India) and had university students respond to self-report measures of life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, emotional intelligence, perceived social support, and independent and interdependent self-construals. In line with our hypotheses, we found that Indian students reported less subjective well-being and emotional intelligence than German students. Emotional intelligence was associated with life satisfaction to a higher degree in Germany than in India. In Germany, independent but not interdependent self-construal was related to emotional intelligence; in India, both independent and interdependent self-construals were significantly associated with emotional intelligence. Results of structural equation modeling provided support for our hypotheses regarding mediational models in that the effect of emotional intelligence on life satisfaction was fully mediated by affect balance in Germany and by perceived social support in India.
The Relationship between Language Use and Depression: Illuminating the Importance of Self-Reflection, Self-Rumination, and the Need for Absolute Truth
(Taylor & Francis, 2013) Şimşek, Ömer Faruk
The main aim of the present study was to provide additional knowledge about the mediatory processes through which language relates to depression. Although previous research gave clear evidence that language is closely related to depression, the research on intervening variables in the relationship has been limited. The present investigation tested a structural equation model in which self-concept clarity and self-consciousness mediated the relationship between personal perceptions of language and depression. Since “the need for absolute truth” construct has been shown to be important in providing greater consistency in estimates of the relationships among the variables, it has been added to the model as a control variable. The results supported the model and showed that personal perceptions of language predicted self-concept clarity, which in turn predicted the participants’ self-reflection and self-rumination. Self-reflection and self-rumination, in turn, predicted depression.
The Expression of Anger Amongst Turkish Taxi Drivers
(Elsevier, 2013) Sullman, Mark J.M; Stephens, Amanda N.; Kuzu, Duygu
CFA supported the original four factors, which all had good internal reliability.•Licence tenure was negatively related to the three types of aggressive expression.•The aggressive types of expression were related to crash related conditions.•None of the DAX factors was related to either minor or major crash involvement.•The DAX can be used with both professional and private vehicle drivers.The present study tested the four factor structure of the DAX on a sample of Turkish taxi drivers and the relationship these factors had with a number of other variables. Confirmatory Factor Analysis found that the data broadly fit the four factor solution of the DAX. These factors included three aggressive expressions: Verbal Aggressive Expression; Personal Physical Aggressive Expression; Use of a Vehicle to Express anger, and one Adaptive/Constructive factor. Driving experience was negatively related to the three types of aggressive expression. The Total Aggressive Expression was positively related to annual mileage and preferred driving speed, but negatively related to age and experience. The present research also found that the three aggressive types of anger expression were significantly related to potentially crash related conditions, such as losing control of the vehicle, loss of concentration and near-misses. However, none of the DAX factors was significantly related to either minor or major crashes.
Parental Support for Basic Psychological Needs and Happiness: The Importance of Sense of Uniqueness
(Springer, 2013) Şimşek, Ömer Faruk; Demir, Melikşah
Past empirical research relying on self-determination theory (SDT) has consistently shown that parental support of basic psychological needs (BPN) is associated with adolescent happiness. Yet, the specific mechanisms accounting for this link are still undetermined. The present study aimed to address this gap in the literature by testing a theoretical model proposing that adolescents’ satisfaction of BPN in life and sense of uniqueness mediate the association of parental support for BPN and happiness. The analyses relied on structural equation modeling and bootstrapping procedures and found support for the model. The theoretical implications of the model for SDT and applied considerations to improve the well-being of adolescents are discussed. Also, suggestions for future research that could further improve our understanding of the dynamic interplay between BPN, sense of uniqueness and happiness are presented.

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