Browsing by Author "Tarakci, Sezen"

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Evaluation of Law No. 6306 From Perspective of Public Spaces - Gezi Park Case
(Selçuk Univ, 2015) Tarakci, Sezen; Ozkan, Hatice Aysun
Cities in Turkey, especially Istanbul are under pressure of national and international capital flows which are assigned by free market economy and globalization processes. While the pressure results in partial urban development far from integrated approach, an alternative idea advocating public space has been seen as tilt at windmills. However, a paradigm supporting public place led planning and design and taking public space and public interest forefront in the face of social segregation has been an important issue while legal and administrative arrangements are also very crucial in terms of practicality. This article aims to present the transformation of urban public spaces and define the effects of legal instruments to this transformation. In that context, firstly transformation of public space during historical process is clarified. In that sense, the concept of urban transformation which has become a worldwide vital issue on renewing the city parts suffering from physical and social deterioration is examined comprehensively in Turkish context. After the former processes and legal instruments concerning urban transformation are evaluated, the last approved act called as Law No. 6306 on Transformation of Areas Under Disaster Risk is examined in detail in terms of public ownership and public space approach. In this regard, it is concluded by the study that the law no. 6306 puts the existence of public space and public ownership into risk. On the other hand, it is also seen that conducted urban transformation projects are mostly disconnected from general plans and built without considering social and economic aspects because of market oriented planning, capital flows and partial planning which cause greater problems by creating short term solutions instead of long term. When the Gezi Park process and related questionnaires conducted for the study are evaluated, it is possible to see that public space perception of society changed drastically while the awareness has risen. However, defining public space and its ownership is still such a complicated task for citizens. On the other hand, it can be said that society can be a part of public space only when its freedom of thought and expression about urban problems and public interest are assured. Nowadays, preserving public space in our cities developing through free market conditions will be only possible if society could be a part of it and legal instruments can be revised for that purpose.
Evaluation of Law No.6306 From Perspective of Public Spaces – Gezi Park Case
(2015) Özkan, Hatice Aysun; Tarakci, Sezen
Cities in Turkey, especially Istanbul are under pressure of national and international capital flows which are assigned by free market economy and globalization processes. While the pressure results in partial urban development far from integrated approach, an alternative idea advocating public space has been seen as tilt at windmills. However, a paradigm supporting public place led planning and design and taking public space and public interest forefront in the face of social segregation has been an important issue while legal and administrative arrangements are also very crucial in terms of practicality. This article aims to present the transformation of urban public spaces and define the effects of legal instruments to this transformation. In that context, firstly transformation of public space during historical process is clarified. In that sense, the concept of urban transformation which has become a worldwide vital issue on renewing the city parts suffering from physical and social deterioration is examined comprehensively in Turkish context. After the former processes and legal instruments concerning urban transformation are evaluated, the last approved act called as Law No. 6306 on Transformation of Areas Under Disaster Risk is examined in detail in terms of public ownership and public space approach. In this regard, it is concluded by the study that the law no. 6306 puts the existence of public space and public ownership into risk. On the other hand, it is also seen that conducted urban transformation projects are mostly disconnected from general plans and built without considering social and economic aspects because of market oriented planning, capital flows and partial planning which cause greater problems by creating short term solutions instead of long term. When the Gezi Park process and related questionnaires conducted for the study are evaluated, it is possible to see that public space perception of society changed drastically while the awareness has risen. However, defining public space and its ownership is still such a complicated task for citizens. On the other hand, it can be said that society can be a part of public space only when its freedom of thought and expression about urban problems and public interest are assured. Nowadays, preserving public space in our cities developing through free market conditions will be only possible if society could be a part of it and legal instruments can be revised for that purpose.
A Large-Scale Urban Renewal Project in a Vicious Cycle of Commons and Anticommons: the Fikirtepe Case (Istanbul, Turkey)
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Turk, Sevkiye Sence; Tarakci, Sezen; Gursoy, Nevra
In the cities of countries that have undergone rapid population growth and dynamic development, two phenomena attributable to market failure prevent sustainable urban renewal and reconfiguration. The tragedy of the commons and the tragedy of the anticommons. This article focuses on how the coexistence of commons and anticommons is designed on a specific example in a narrow perspective. In the selected sample area, the Fikirtepe Urban Renewal Project (Istanbul, Turkey), plan decisions (plan notes) that stimulate densification for land assembly were analyzed. This study aims to examine a large-scale and holistic urban renewal project that includes using plan notes to eliminate a co-existence of the commons and the anticommons. Semi-structured interviews with were carried out with 17 people who represent different key actors in the Fikirtepe Urban Renewal Project. The findings demonstrate that there are some conditions to implement this method for a holistic urban renewal project. The first is that the state (central or local governments) needs to be initially involved in this form of urban renewal project. Second, it is needed to defined the organizational structure and roles at the beginning. Third, increase of the legal power of the plan notes is needed. Fourth, ensuring legal certainty for all sides is needed in the land assembly stage.
Shaping of Flexibility in Urban Renewal Legal Sources in Turkey and Its Effect on Practices
(Konya Technical University, Faculty of Architecture & Design, 2020) Tarakci, Sezen; Turk, Sevvkiye Sence
Purpose Discussions in planning systems of different countries under the influence of structural changes at the macro level are concentrated around flexibility and certainty. Since 2000, Turkey have triggered a shift in the planning system which is defined as regulatory in theory, towards a more flexible system in practice. This flexible system can be also seen in urban renewal practices. The aim of the article is to discuss the flexibility shaped by the legal sources with examples of urban renewal in Turkey. Design/Methodology/Approach As methodology, in the study, firstly, international and national literature on flexibility in planning systems was investigated. Afterwards, shaping flexibility in planning systems is focused on three categories; (1) spatial planning, (2) property rights, and (3) discretionary power. Legal sources related to urban renewal areas, and their practices are examined under three categories based on findings of some examples in literature. Findings The findings demonstrate that the increase in the degree of flexibility directly affects the spatial planning, property rights, and using of the discretionary power: Firstly, the scope and power of spatial plans are eliminated. Secondly, the property right, which is protected by the constitution, is ignored. Thirdly, since the limits of discretionary power are not clear, the outcomes of practices cannot be controlled either. Research Limitations/Implications The study based on findings of some examples in literature. In the study, no specific area study has been conducted. Social/Practical Implications As a result of these study, laws and regulations related to urban renewal can be rearranged in terms of property rights, discretion power and spatial planning. Thus, more livable cities can be created with the participation of people in urban renewal practices and the public benefit of planning. Originality/Value There are quite limited studies focus on shaping of flexibility, and its effects in urban renewal. The originality of this study is to examine the shaping of flexibility in legal sources related to urban renewal, and reflections into the practices.
Shaping of Flexibility in Urban Renewal Legal Sources in Turkey and Its Effect on Practices
(2020) Tarakci, Sezen; Türk, Sevkıye Sence
PurposeDiscussions in planning systems of different countries under the influence of structural changes at the macro level are concentrated around flexibility and certainty. Since 2000, Turkey have triggered a shift in the planning system which is defined as regulatory in theory, towards a more flexible system in practice. This flexible system can be also seen in urban renewal practices. The aim of the article is to discuss the flexibility shaped by the legal sources with examples of urban renewal in Turkey.Design/Methodology/ApproachAs methodology, in the study, firstly, international and national literature on flexibility in planning systems was investigated. Afterwards, shaping flexibility in planning systems is focused on three categories; (1) spatial planning, (2) property rights, and (3) discretionary power. Legal sources related to urban renewal areas, and their practices are examined under three categories based on findings of some examples in literature.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that the increase in the degree of flexibility directly affects the spatial planning, property rights, and using of the discretionary power: Firstly, the scope and power of spatial plans are eliminated. Secondly, the property right, which is protected by the constitution, is ignored. Thirdly, since the limits of discretionary power are not clear, the outcomes of practices cannot be controlled either. Research Limitations/ImplicationsThe study based on findings of some examples in literature. In the study, no specific area study has been conducted. Social/Practical Implications As a result of these study, laws and regulations related to urban renewal can be rearranged in terms of property rights, discretion power and spatial planning. Thus, more livable cities can be created with the participation of people in urban renewal practices and the public benefit of planning.Originality/Value There are quite limited studies focus on shaping of flexibility, and its effects in urban renewal. The originality of this study is to examine the shaping of flexibility in legal sources related to urban renewal, and reflections into the practices.
Türkiye’de Kentsel Yenileme Projelerinde1 Artan Değerin Kazanımında Plan Notunun Kullanımı: Fikirtepe Örneği
(2020) Tarakci, Sezen; Türk, Sevkıye Sence
Kamuya artan değerin kazanımı, kamu tarafından yapılan bir yatırım veya plan kararı sonrasında artan değerin sadece mülk sahibine değil kamuya da aktarılmasını ifade etmektedir. Türkiye’de ise, gerek kentsel yenileme projeleri ile gerek altyapı yatırımları ile gerekse de imar haklarındaki artış nedenleriyle kentsel arsalarda değeri artmaktadır. Türkiye’de de kentsel arsadakideğer artışının kamuya kazanımının sağlanabildiği bazı araçlar bulunmaktadır. Bu araçlarınbir kısmı yasal kaynaklarda tanımlanırken, bir kısmı da plan ya da özel hukuk kuralları ilegerçekleşmektedir. Ne yazık ki, kentsel yenileme alanlarındaki değer artışı ile ilgili geliştirilmişbir politika yaklaşımı da bulunmamaktadır. Bunun yerine, plan notlarıyla sağlanmaya çalışılanbir değer artışı kazanımı yaklaşımı bulunmaktadır. Plan notlarında, arazi ve arsa düzenlemesinden ruhsat aşamasına kadar birçok detay verilmektedir.Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'deki kentsel yenileme projelerinde artan değerin kazanımında plan notunun kullanımı bir örneğe odaklanarak incelenmiştir. Ülkemizde değer kazanımı için kullanılan plan notlarının kullanılan diğer araçlardan farklılıkları irdelenmiştir. Örnek alan olarakİstanbul-Fikirtepe Kentsel Yenileme Alanı seçilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, plan notlarının değerkazanımına etkisi irdelenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, değer kazanımının plan notlarıyla sağlanmasının kentsel yenileme sürecindeki aktörlere (mülk sahipleri, yükleniciler, yerel ve merkeziyönetim) etkisi de değerlendirilmiştir.